Pre-Trip Inspections for Truckers: What to Check

Pre-trip inspections are the foundation of commercial truck safety and compliance. While many drivers see these inspections as a given, they’re crucial in preventing mechanical failures, accidents, and violations. The systematic check of key components not only meets FMCSA requirements but also provides drivers with real-time insights into their equipment's condition. Knowing what to check during a pre-trip inspection can mean the difference between a successful delivery and a dangerous situation on the road.

Areas to Inspect

Brake Components

• Check air pressure, brake pads, and brake lines for wear or leaks.
• Test brake response and emergency braking.
• Tug test to see if parking brakes hold.
• Verify air governor cut-in and cut-out pressures.
• Inspect slack adjusters and brake chambers for damage.
• Test automatic brake application at 20-45 psi.

Frame and Structure

• Inspect frame and trailer for cracks, damage, or loose parts.
• Check crossmembers and support structures for corrosion and stress cracks.
• Ensure trailer landing gear functions smoothly and is securely mounted.

Lights and Visibility

• Test all exterior and interior lights (brake lights, turn signals, hazard flashers, reflectors).
• Make sure headlights are aligned for nighttime.
• Clean and inspect mirrors for visibility.

Tire and Wheel Inspections

• Check tire pressure and tread depth to meet DOT specs (minimum 2/32” for steer tires).
• Look for irregular wear patterns, bulges, or embedded objects.
• Make sure lug nuts are tightened and wheel rims are crack-free.
• Monitor temperature fluctuations as they can affect tire pressure.

Emergency Equipment

• Verify fire extinguishers, reflective triangles, and first aid kits are present and in good condition.
• Ensure all safety gear is stored and accessible.
• Confirm that emergency triangles meet FMVSS 571.125 standards.

Pre-Trip Inspection Requirements

FMCSA requires pre-trip inspections under 392.7. Drivers must conduct a complete inspection before their shift and at least once every 24 hours while in operation. Compliance with these standards ensures continuous vehicle monitoring and early detection of mechanical issues.

Detailed Inspection Procedure

Brake System Inspection Guide

• Test air compressor cut-in and cut-out pressures.
• Inspect brake chambers, hoses, and slack adjusters for wear.
• Monitor ABS warning lamps for proper functionality.
• Perform tug tests on both tractor and trailer parking brakes.
• Follow systematic documentation procedures during pre-trip and post-trip inspections.

Tire and Wheel Inspection

• Check all tires for proper inflation and tread depth.
• Inspect wheel rims for cracks and make sure lug nuts are tightened.
• Ensure proper weight distribution across axles to prevent excessive wear.

Engine and Fluids

• Check all fluids (oil, coolant, power steering, brake).
• Inspect belts and hoses for cracks, leaks, or improper tension.
• Look for ground-level fluid leaks in the engine compartment.

Trailer Inspection

• Verify trailer frame has no cracks, rust, or misalignment.
• Test landing gear for smooth raise and lower.
• Inspect air line connections for secure and leak-free coupling.
• Check crossmembers beneath the trailer for structural integrity.

Cabin Controls and Systems

• All gauges on the dashboard should be reading correctly.
• Test air brake system (pressure retention and emergency activation).
• Adjust mirrors, check seatbelt, and make sure windshield wipers work.
• Confirm HVAC system functions correctly, including heater, defroster, and A/C.

Documentation and Record-Keeping

Drivers must complete a Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) before operating a commercial vehicle. Proper documentation serves as legal proof of compliance and can protect drivers and carriers from liability.

• Keep accurate logs of pre-trip inspections, defects, and repairs.
• Store inspection reports for at least 6 months as required by FMCSA.
• Use Electronic Logging Devices (ELDs) for real-time tracking and verification.

How long does a pre-trip inspection take?

30-45 minutes depending on vehicle complexity and compliance requirements.

Can multiple drivers share responsibility for a pre-trip inspection?

No. Each driver is responsible for their own pre-trip inspection before driving.

Are pre-trip inspections required on private lots?

Yes. FMCSA regulations apply anywhere, and inspections must be done even on private property.

What happens if weather conditions prevent a complete exterior inspection?

Drivers should use exterior inspection alternatives, such as sheltered visual checks and digital documentation, while noting any limitations in reports.

How often should inspection checklists be updated?

Company checklists should be reviewed quarterly and updated as needed to reflect changes in regulations.

The Bottom Line

Pre-trip inspections are not just a formality – they’re critical to driver, cargo, and public safety. A consistent and thorough inspection routine reduces breakdowns, accidents, and violations. By following these best practices, truck drivers can operate safely and in compliance with FMCSA regulations.